Mechanism of medicine action:

The effects of testosterone in humans and other vertebrates occur by way of two main mechanisms: by activation of the androgen receptor (directly or as DHT), and by conversion to estradiol and activation of certain estrogen receptors. Free testosterone (T) is transported into the cytoplasm of target tissue cells, where it can bind to the androgen receptor, or can be reduced to 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by the cytoplasmic enzyme 5-alpha-reductase.

DHT binds to the same androgen receptor even more strongly than T, so that its androgenic potency is about 2.5 times that of T. The T-receptor or DHT-receptor complex undergoes a structural change that allows it to move into the cell nucleus and bind directly to specific nucleotide sequences of the chromosomal DNA. The areas of binding are called hormone response elements (HREs), and influence transcriptional activity of certain genes, producing the androgen effects.

Indications:

Testosterone cypionate is used in males that present conditions derived from a deficiency or absence of endogenous testosterone. These conditions are 1) primary hypogonadism, defined as the testicular failure due to cryptorchidism, bilateral torsion, orchitis, vanishing testis syndrome or orchidectomy; and 2) hypogonadotropic hypogonadism characterized by idiopathic gonadotropin, LHRH deficiency or pituitary-hypothalamic injury from tumors, trauma or radiation.

Contraindications:

Contraindications for Testosterone Cypionate include hypersensitivity to testosterone or any component of the formulation, active or suspected prostate or breast cancer in males,
severe urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia, and conditions such as severe liver disease.gn prostatic hyperplasia, and conditions such as severe liver disease.

Precautions:

Several precautions must be observed to ensure patient safety and therapeutic efficacy. Patients with a history of cardiovascular conditions, including hypertension, myocardial infarction, or cerebrovascular accidents, should exercise caution, as testosterone therapy may exacerbate these conditions. Similarly, individuals with hepatic or renal impairment require close monitoring due to the potential impact of testosterone on liver enzymes and renal function.

Those with a history of thromboembolic events, such as deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, should be aware of the increased risk of blood clots associated with testosterone therapy. Regular monitoring of hematological parameters, including hematocrit and hemoglobin levels, is advised to detect any abnormalities promptly. Prior to initiating therapy, patients should be screened for prostate cancer, given that testosterone can stimulate the growth of prostate tissue.

It is imperative to inform the healthcare provider of all concurrent medications and supplements to avoid potential drug interactions. Additionally, patients should be vigilant for any psychological
effects, such as mood changes, and report significant alterations to their healthcare provider without delay.

Drug interactions:

Testosterone Cypionate may interact with anticoagulants, corticosteroids, and insulin or oral antidiabetic agents. Concomitant use with other anabolic steroids, hormones, or agents that affect liver enzyme metabolism should also be approached with caution.

Dosage:

The typical dosage for testosterone replacement therapy with Testosterone Cypionate is 50-400mg administered ntramuscularly every 2 to 4 weeks. The exact dosage and frequency depend on the individual’s response and serum testosterone
levels, as determined by a healthcare provider.

Storage:

Store in a dark, dry place, at room temperature. Do not refrigerate. Keep out of reach of children.

Regulatory Compliance Statements:

• This product complies with relevant
  regulatory guidelines.
• Certified under Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP).

Safety Information:

• Overdose Instructions: In case of overdose, seek immediate medical attention.
• Adverse Reactions: Report any adverse reactions to your healthcare provider.